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Written by Administrator
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Sunday, 11 January 2009 09:20 |
Main verb is an action word which describes an action or movement. For Example: Read, Write, Speak, Sing, Play etc.
A main verb usually has five forms:
1. Base form – Speak
2. S – es form – Speaks
3. Past form – Spoke
4. Past Participle form – Spoken
5. Present Participle form – Speaking
Use of the different forms of verbs 1. We use the base form of the verb in the present tense with the following nouns / pronouns:
I , We, You, They and Plural Nouns like boys, girls etc.
Ex. (i) I go to school everyday
(ii) Boys play in the evening.
2. We use s-es with the base form of the verb in the present tense with the following nouns / pronouns:
He, She, It and singular forms of nouns as boy, girl etc.
(i) He goes to school everyday.
(ii) The Sun rises in the east.
3. We use the past form of the verb in the past tense with any noun / pronoun.
(iii) He wrote a letter.
(iv) You sang a song.
4. We use the past participle form of the verb with has, have or had.
(v) He has finished his work.
(vi) The train has just left.
5. We use the present participle form of the main verb with is, am, are was and were.
(vii) I am reading a book.
(viii) You are telling a lie.
(ix) He was sleeping at that time.
Exercise (Intermediate)
Put in the correct form of the verb from brackets.
1. He __________ Mumbai last year. (Leave)
2. The bell is __________ (ring)
3. The Sun __________ in the east. (rise)
4. The Sun is__________ now. (rise)
5. He always __________ his car fast. (drive)
6. I have already __________ my fees. (pay)
7. Ravi and Mohan __________ a dog yesterday. (kill)
8. We __________ everyday in the morning. (Walk)
9. This book __________ rupees thirty. (Cost)
10. My friend __________ in the afternoon. (Sleep)
11. The train has __________ near the bridge. (Stop)
12. She __________ very nice. (sign)
13. Ramesh__________ to office by car. (go)
14. Anuj __________ in the bathroom yesterday. (Slip)
15. He has just __________ the bell. (ring)
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. They help main verb in making a sentence negative and interrogative. There are two types of auxiliary verbs –
1. Prime auxiliary:- Be, Have, Do are called prime auxiliary.
BE- Is, am, are, was, were
Have - Has, Have, Had
Do - Do, Does, Did
2. Modal auxiliary:- There are ten modals or modal auxiliaries in English. They are: Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should must and ought to. Each one of these modal auxiliaries has a special meaning. Modal auxiliaries are used before main verb or before other auxiliaries. They can not be used without main verbs.
Exercise (Elementary) Put in is / are / was / were/ has / have / do / does/ did
1. Mohan __________ lost his passport.
2. This building __________ built ten years ago.
3. When __________ you born?
4. Glass __________ made from sand.
5. She __________ already watched this film.
6. __________ the sun shining?
7. ________you feeling all right?
8. What time __________ the shops close?
9. What __________ this word mean?
10. __________ you go out last night?
11. Why __________ you go home early?
12. __________ Ravi live near you?
13. This photograph __________ taken a long time ago.
14. My friend __________ opened a new shop.
15. Where __________ he live?
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The Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
Uses:- 1. The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an action that started in the past and is still happening. Ex. I have been living in this city for 10 years.
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The present Continuous Tense |
The present continuous is formed with the Present form of the auxiliary be (is/ am / are) + the Present Participle (V + ing) form of the main verb.
Example: He is reading a book.
If a verb ends in – e, we omit the – e and add – ing. For example use, using.
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Written by Administrator
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Sunday, 11 January 2009 09:25 |
In the simple present tense, we use the first form of the verb. If the Subject is in the third person singular (He, She, It etc.),We use the first form of the verb followed by the suffixes – S or – es. We add – es to the verbs ending in
O – Go / goes
S – Class / classes
X – Mix / mixes
Ch / sh – Catch / catches
Uses of the Simple Present Tense
1. Habitual actions:- This use is achieved through the use of adverbials such as ‘always, often, generally, everyday etc. with the verb in simple present tense.
(i) I visit Nainital every year.
(ii) I usually get up early in the morning.
2. General or Permanent truth:-
(i) The Sun rises in the east.
(ii) Honesty is the best policy.
3. Thoughts and feelings at the Present moment: (i) She is tired. (ii) You are happy. 4. Immediate future:- For events related to time tables and programmes. (i) The train leaves at 7 pm.
Negatives: The Present simple negative is don’t / doesn’t + verb
I drink coffee but I don’t drink tea.
Note:- We use do not with ‘I, We, You they and all other singular nouns. We use ‘does’ with he, she, it, and all other singular nouns.
Questions We use do / does in simple present questions: -
(i) Do you work at night?
(ii) Do you drink milk?
(iii) Does Ravi take morning walk?
(iv) What do you do?
(v) Where does he live?
Note: We use ‘do’ with I, we, you they and all other plural Nouns. We use ‘does’ with he, she, it and all other singular nouns.
Exercise (Elementary)
Complete the sentences using the right form of the verb. ( s – es / V1)
1. David __________ two languages. (Speak)
2. Banks __________ at 10 in the morning. (open)
3. I __________ a lot of people everyday. (meet)
4. This book __________ a lot of money. (cost)
5. She __________ her hair everyday.
6. Water __________ at 100 degree Celsius. (boil)
7. The shopping Centre __________ at 8 in the evening. (close)
8. Tina __________ English to young children.(teach)
9. The sun __________ in the east. (rise)
10. Summers __________ very hot in India. (be)
Exercise – Negatives (Elementary) Complete the sentences using don’t / doesn’t + verb
1. I buy a newspaper every day but sometimes I __________ it (read).
2. My friend has a car but he __________ it very often. (use).
3. This hotel __________ much to stay. (cost)
4. I __________ to the cinema very often. (go)
5. Ravi __________ English fluently. (Speak)
6. She __________ a lie. (tell)
7. We __________ in the afternoon. (Sleep)
8. Ravi __________ very fast. (Run)
9. The sun __________ in the east. (Rise)
10. He __________ meat very often. (eat)
Exercise (Questions) – Elementary Change the following sentences into questions using do / does.
1. The Sun rises in the east.
2. It rains here every day.
3. I go to college by bus.
4. This book costs much.
5. He feels sad often.
6. The class starts at 7 pm.
7. The sun sets in the west.
8. Water boils at 100 degree Celsius.
9. They play hockey in the evening.
10. Summer is very hot in India.
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The Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
The past perfect tense is formed using ‘had’ and the past participle (ed) form of the main verb.
Uses the past perfect tense We usually use the past perfect tense when we talk about two actions in the past. We use the past perfect tense for the event that happened first and the simple past tense for the event that happened second. For example:- The train left the station at 7:15 PM.
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Grammar
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